Keywords:
Use of bacterial proteins from fermentation technologies in aquaculture nutrition Book Section
M. Longshaw;A. Chalaris;M. Reshetiuk
In: Novel protein and lipid sources in animal nutrition, pp. 223–259, Wageningen Academic, 2026, ISBN: 978-90-04-69282-4, (Section: Novel protein and lipid sources in animal nutrition).
Fish nutrition Market entry Peer review Research intelligence Technical
@incollection{longshaw_use_2026,
title = {Use of bacterial proteins from fermentation technologies in aquaculture nutrition},
author = {M. Longshaw and A. Chalaris and M. Reshetiuk},
url = {https://brill.com/display/book/9789004692824/BP000018.xml},
doi = {10.1163/9789004692824-009},
isbn = {978-90-04-69282-4},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-07-01},
urldate = {2026-08-11},
booktitle = {Novel protein and lipid sources in animal nutrition},
pages = {223–259},
publisher = {Wageningen Academic},
abstract = {Abstract The use of cultured or single cell proteins as a partial or total replacement for conventional protein sources in aquaculture has yet to achieve full commercial success despite the large number of studies conducted. These studies have ranged from the relatively straightforward nutrition trials to determine inclusion level and digestibility, to more recent in-depth studies to determine mode of action and impacts on health and growth outcomes. This chapter focusses on the main bacteria grown using biomass fermentation techniques that utilize single carbon sources such as carbon dioxide, methane or methanol as the primary feedstock.},
note = {Section: Novel protein and lipid sources in animal nutrition},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Abstract The use of cultured or single cell proteins as a partial or total replacement for conventional protein sources in aquaculture has yet to achieve full commercial success despite the large number of studies conducted. These studies have ranged from the relatively straightforward nutrition trials to determine inclusion level and digestibility, to more recent in-depth studies to determine mode of action and impacts on health and growth outcomes. This chapter focusses on the main bacteria grown using biomass fermentation techniques that utilize single carbon sources such as carbon dioxide, methane or methanol as the primary feedstock.
Effects of a novel bacteria meal (FeedKind®) on the physical properties of extrudates Journal Article
M. Longshaw;J. Wang;M. Xue;J. Wang;X. Liang;R. Liu;S. Xing;H. Cheng;L. Hou;H. Wang
In: Aquaculture Reports, vol. 33, pp. 101744, 2023, ISSN: 2352-5134.
Fish nutrition Technical Market entry
@article{liu_effects_2023,
title = {Effects of a novel bacteria meal (FeedKind®) on the physical properties of extrudates},
author = {Rongda Liu and Shujuan Xing and Hongyuan Cheng and Xiaofang Liang and Jia Wang and Jie Wang and Matt Longshaw and Lei Hou and Min Xue and Hao Wang},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513423002831},
doi = {10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101744},
issn = {2352-5134},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-12-01},
urldate = {2023-10-11},
journal = {Aquaculture Reports},
volume = {33},
pages = {101744},
abstract = {The development of fishmeal (FM) alternatives for feed in aquaculture is essential for sustainable and economic fish farming. A study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of a novel bacteria meal (FeedKind® (FK)) as fishmeal substitute. There are significant differences between fishmeal and FeedKind® in viscosity, water absorption, water-soluble protein, oil absorption and other physicochemical properties, which in turn affects the physical quality of feed. Increasing FK content will enhance the pellet durability (P < 0.05) and the expansion (P < 0.01), and decrease the oil leakage (P < 0.05) of the extruded feed pellets. This indicates that FK can be used as a feasible substitute for FM to improve the physical qualities of low-starch floating extrudates. The optimal lower moisture content (24.3%−24.9%) and temperature (127.6 ℃−136.7 ℃) requirement in extrusion after FM is replaced by FK is conducive to reducing the consumption of water and electric energy in the drying process, which contributes to the low carbon emissions and sustainable production of fish feed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The development of fishmeal (FM) alternatives for feed in aquaculture is essential for sustainable and economic fish farming. A study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of a novel bacteria meal (FeedKind® (FK)) as fishmeal substitute. There are significant differences between fishmeal and FeedKind® in viscosity, water absorption, water-soluble protein, oil absorption and other physicochemical properties, which in turn affects the physical quality of feed. Increasing FK content will enhance the pellet durability (P < 0.05) and the expansion (P < 0.01), and decrease the oil leakage (P < 0.05) of the extruded feed pellets. This indicates that FK can be used as a feasible substitute for FM to improve the physical qualities of low-starch floating extrudates. The optimal lower moisture content (24.3%−24.9%) and temperature (127.6 ℃−136.7 ℃) requirement in extrusion after FM is replaced by FK is conducive to reducing the consumption of water and electric energy in the drying process, which contributes to the low carbon emissions and sustainable production of fish feed.
Digestibility of bacterial protein by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is affected by both inclusion level and acclimation time Journal Article
M. Longshaw;B. Glencross;P. Muñoz-Lopez;C. Matthew;S. MacKenzie;A. Powell;A. LeBlanc
In: Aquaculture, vol. 565, pp. 739137, 2023, ISSN: 0044-8486.
Fish nutrition Peer review Technical
@article{glencross_digestibility_2023,
title = {Digestibility of bacterial protein by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is affected by both inclusion level and acclimation time},
author = {Brett Glencross and Pedro Muñoz-Lopez and Chessor Matthew and Simon MacKenzie and Adam Powell and Matt Longshaw and Allan LeBlanc},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848622012546},
doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739137},
issn = {0044-8486},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2022-12-08},
journal = {Aquaculture},
volume = {565},
pages = {739137},
abstract = {The impact of acclimation time and inclusion level of a bacterial protein (BP) meal on the digestibility of protein and amino acids to post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was examined using a factorial experimental design that compared acclimation over five time points (3-days, 10-days, 17-days, 24-days, and 35-days) and five BP inclusion levels (0 g/kg, 100 g/kg, 200 g/kg, 300 g/kg and 400 g/kg). An additional test diet with soy protein concentrate (300 g/kg) was included as a comparison. Each of the diets were prepared from the same basal mash and using the same processing methods. Feed intake was measured daily. The results of the study showed that diet apparent digestibility coefficients (DADC) changed markedly over the time-course of the study, initially being low and variable before stabilizing at higher values from day-17 onwards. However, the effect on temporal variability of DADC values was consistent across all diets. This consistency translated to comparatively stable ingredient apparent digestibility coefficients (IADC) across each of the time points assessed, though there was a significant decline in all IADC values over time. Additionally, the IADC data was less reliable at the 10% inclusion level with higher variability and significantly differed from the other values determined at the higher inclusion levels. Furthermore, there was not always consistency in the IADC values for nitrogen and sum of amino acids, although both are often used as measures of protein. There were also significant differences among the different amino acids in terms of their IADC values. Although there was a trend towards poorer feed intake with the higher inclusion levels of the BP, this was no worse than that observed for the soy protein concentrate. In recognition of the findings of this study we are suggesting that digestibility studies with Atlantic salmon post-smolt should acclimate for a minimum of 14-days prior to faecal collection and that test ingredient inclusion should be 200 g/kg or greater to obtain reliable data.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The impact of acclimation time and inclusion level of a bacterial protein (BP) meal on the digestibility of protein and amino acids to post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was examined using a factorial experimental design that compared acclimation over five time points (3-days, 10-days, 17-days, 24-days, and 35-days) and five BP inclusion levels (0 g/kg, 100 g/kg, 200 g/kg, 300 g/kg and 400 g/kg). An additional test diet with soy protein concentrate (300 g/kg) was included as a comparison. Each of the diets were prepared from the same basal mash and using the same processing methods. Feed intake was measured daily. The results of the study showed that diet apparent digestibility coefficients (DADC) changed markedly over the time-course of the study, initially being low and variable before stabilizing at higher values from day-17 onwards. However, the effect on temporal variability of DADC values was consistent across all diets. This consistency translated to comparatively stable ingredient apparent digestibility coefficients (IADC) across each of the time points assessed, though there was a significant decline in all IADC values over time. Additionally, the IADC data was less reliable at the 10% inclusion level with higher variability and significantly differed from the other values determined at the higher inclusion levels. Furthermore, there was not always consistency in the IADC values for nitrogen and sum of amino acids, although both are often used as measures of protein. There were also significant differences among the different amino acids in terms of their IADC values. Although there was a trend towards poorer feed intake with the higher inclusion levels of the BP, this was no worse than that observed for the soy protein concentrate. In recognition of the findings of this study we are suggesting that digestibility studies with Atlantic salmon post-smolt should acclimate for a minimum of 14-days prior to faecal collection and that test ingredient inclusion should be 200 g/kg or greater to obtain reliable data.